| Economic Development since Independence, major features of Indian Economy at independence and characteristics of economic underdevelopment of India (with reference to colonial rule of India); Trend in National Income and Per capita income; Sectoral composition (output and employment) - Primary, Secondary and Tertiary. Development under different policy regimes (including Five Year Plans)—goals, constraints, institutions and policy framework; NITI Aayog – constitution and role |
| Indian economy in post reform period. Background of Indian Economic Reforms – New Economic Policy in context of liberalization, privatization and globalization and its effects; Redefining India’s development strategy |
| Land reforms in India and Gujarat. |
| Agriculture growth and productivity: Sustainable agricultural growth-concepts and constraints. Institutional set-up of land system and land reforms, Green Revolution and technological changes. Capital formation in agriculture; Food security, Agricultural pricing, Food Procurement and Public Distribution System. |
| Indian Public finance: Indian tax system, public expenditure, public debt, deficit and subsidies in the Indian economy. Centre-state financial relation. Macroeconomic stabilization: trade, fiscal, investment and monetary policy issues and their impact. GST and its implications |
| Policies and Performance of Industry: Structure and composition of Industry– issues of concentration, large vs small industry– industrial location; Trends and patterns of industrial growth, Cottage industries; performance of public sector and privatization. |
| Population and Human Development: Broad demographic features — Population size and growth rates, Sex and age composition, occupational distribution. Density of population, Urbanization and economic growth in India. Population growth as a factor of economic development and demographic dividend, Progress of human development in India. Development of education in India, health and family welfare and the development of health infrastructure. Environment and sustainable development |
| Rural development- Challenges and policies; Poverty -Trends, measurement and policies; Inequality-measurement, causes and effects. Employment and Unemployment-size of workforce, rate of participation, occupational structure, rural & urban unemployment, employment policies/schemes in India. Skill India, Make in India and Start-Ups. |
| External sector: Trends, Composition and Direction of Foreign Trade. External sector reforms. Foreign Institutional Investment (FII) and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). |
| India in Global Indices - Global Innovation Index, Human Development Index, Global Competitiveness Index, Global Creativity Index and the Global Gender Gap Report. |
| Gujarat economy-An overview; social sector in Gujarat- Education, Health, and Nutrition. Gujarat Economy in relation to India and major states in recent decades, major problems in agriculture, forest, water resources, mining, industry and service Sector. Development policies for economic and social infrastructure – An appraisal. Co-operative movement in Gujarat and its impact on Socio-economic aspects of life |
| Infrastructure: Energy, Port, roads, Airport, Railways, Telecommunications - Social Impact Assessment. |